Diseases of the respiratory system are the third leading cause of death, after cardiovascular disease and cancer. Their incidence is constantly increasing, also considering facts such as smoking, air pollution and the aging of the population. Among the respiratory and chronic diseases, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are the most common, to which are added disabling syndromes such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and cystic fibrosis or endemic, such as tuberculosis. The recent spread of sophisticated diagnostic methods accessible to many, such as high-resolution CT, has significantly improved the prognostic aspect.